髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体相关疾病(MOG-AD)是一种最近发现的自身免疫性疾病,在成人和儿童中表现为中枢神经系统脱髓鞘。
尽管MOG-AD、多发性硬化症和水通道蛋白4抗体相关的视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍(NMOSD)之间存在临床表型重叠,但累积的生物学、临床和病理学证据可以区分这些疾病。
如果患者血清中含有抗MOG抗体,则不应被诊断为多发性硬化症或NMOSD。
然而,与MOGAD的临床特征和MOG抗体的致病作用相关的许多问题仍未得到解答。
此外,治疗主要基于水通道蛋白4抗体相关NMOSD和多发性硬化症的标准方案,关于如何以及何时治疗MOGAD患者需要更多证据。
SummaryMyelin-oligodendrocyteglycoproteinantibody-associateddisease(MOGAD)isarecentlyidentifiedautoimmunedisorderthatpresentsinbothadultsandchildrenasCNSdemyelination.
AlthoughthereareclinicalphenotypicoverlapsbetweenMOGAD,multiplesclerosis,andaquaporin-4antibody-associatedneuromyelitisopticaspectrumdisorder(NMOSD)cumulativebiological,clinical,andpathologicalevidencediscriminatesbetweentheseconditions.
PatientsshouldnotbediagnosedwithmultiplesclerosisorNMOSDiftheyhaveanti-MOGantibodiesintheirserum.
However,manyquestionsrelatedtotheclinicalcharacterisationofMOGADandpathogeneticroleofMOGantibodiesarestillunanswered.
Furthermore,therapyismainlybasedonstandardprotocolsforaquaporin-4antibody-associatedNMOSDandmultiplesclerosis,andmoreevidenceisneededregardinghowandwhentotreatpatientswithMOGAD.
扩展阅读:
Reindl,M.,DiPauli,F.,Rostásy,K.etal.ThespectrumofMOGautoantibody-associateddemyelinatingdiseases.NatRevNeurol9,–().
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